'Children who never grow up' Children who are 'malnourished' do not reach out, sit up, walk, do normal tasks that healthy children should be doing. In Mali, the more children, the larger the income. What was the importance of giving on public transportation? The younger passengers are to pay for older people's transportation What is giving alms? You pick your poor person and give to them often How many urine/feces samples did Dettwyler take? 68 samples How many samples came back with intestinal parasites? Only 4 Intestinal Parasites - Cultural Pit latrine - parents could not spot the problems How many samples came back with schistosoma eggs? 34 had eggs What is a symptom of schistosoma parasites? Cloudy or bloody urine Schistosoma Parasites - Cultural Problem with diagnosis and treatment - boys puberty, also their lifestyle What would women buy with more money? Macaroni Kwashiorkor Symptoms Round puffy face, plump hands, swollen abdomen Kwashiorkor Cause Rich calorie diet w/ no protein usually happens after weaning off breast milk Kwashiorkor Treatment Convince them to feed children more protein, but not too much What connection culturally did they make to Kwashiorkor? Kids caught 'swelling sickness' -> no connection to nutrition Western Misconception about the # of kids Too many children is causing poverty -> different economic system, would not affect economic/hunger issue She learn to not devote too much time to lost causes and to set priorities. What did Dettwyler learn from Daouda? She learned to pick her battles with care. She finally realizes that Daouda's mother is mentally retarded and Daouda is a lost cause. Dettwyler begs the mother to feed starving Daouda but never seems to learn. Hospital (20 mins away) Example of Daouda Daouda is a starving little boy who is always with his mother while she works as a house servant for the Fat Lady in Timbuktu. Use wells, cook by fire, use open-air pit latrine Health Services -Herbalists: first choice About 655,000 people died (mostly children) Malaria Symptoms Headache, fever, shivering, joint pain, vomiting, hemolytic anemia Cerebral Malaria 20-30% of cases blood cells attach to vessels and capillaries in the brain causes headaches, seizure disconjugate gaze Magnambougou -No electricity, no running water Medication (strains are becoming resistant), but no vaccination Malaria Statistics -In 2010, there were 216 mil cases of malaria worldwide

Kay -> severe headaches for weeks, took all medicine turns out she had a resistant strain of cerebral malaria Malaria -The death of 2 friends in Mali (as a result of this disease) in 1983 ended Dettwyler's 1st fieldwork.

Dancing skeletons katherine dettwyler